![]() ![]() This deformation produces geologic structures such as folds, joints, and faults that are caused by stresses (figure 4b). You can trace the deformation a rock has experienced by seeing how it differs from its original horizontal, oldest-on-bottom position (figure 4a). Sedimentary rock layers that are not horizontal are deformed.Sediments are deposited horizontally, so sedimentary rock layers are originally horizontal, as are some volcanic rocks, such as ash falls.Sedimentary rocks are formed with the oldest layers on the bottom and the youngest on top.Sedimentary rocks are important for deciphering the geologic history of a region because they follow certain rules. ![]() Stress applied over time often leads to plastic deformation.
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